INTELLIGENT MONITORING AND OPTIMIZATION OF WATER AND ENERGY RESOURCES

Dr. A. Sheela; Mr. V. Jaya Sudharsan; Mr. P. Gopinath; Amuthavani M

doi:10.5281/zenodo.22030155

Abstract

This work proposes an Intelligent Water and Energy Management System designed to address domestic water
wastage and excessive electricity consumption in residential and small-scale commercial environments. The
system is developed using a Raspberry Pi 4 (4 GB Model B) as the central processing unit. Water management is
achieved through HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensors for continuous water-level monitoring and YF-S401 flow sensors
for measuring water flow. Based on predefined water-level thresholds, the Raspberry Pi automatically operates
solenoid valves through custom driver circuits, thereby preventing tank overflow and unnecessary water loss. For
energy management, a ZEM004T smart energy meter continuously monitors key electrical parameters, including
voltage, current, frequency, power factor, and real power. The measured data are transmitted using the MQTT
communication protocol to a cloud-based backend, enabling real-time visualization, data logging, and historical
analysis through a mobile/web-based graphical user interface. The system also provides features such as automatic
alerts, manual control, and energy-consumption analytics. By integrating intelligent water-level control with realtime electrical load monitoring, the proposed system provides a unified platform for efficient management of two
essential household resources. Experimental evaluation demonstrates rapid prevention of water overflow
following threshold detection and supports improved energy-use management through continuous monitoring and
user awareness. The proposed approach offers a cost-effective, scalable, and IoT-enabled solution for reducing
water wastage, optimizing energy consumption, and promoting sustainable resource utilization.

Keywords

Raspberry Pi 4; water overflow prevention; energy optimization; IoT; MQTT; HC-SR04; YF-S401; ZEM004T; solenoid valve control; real-time monitoring.

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